Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal
Drought impacts adversely the agriculture sector by reducing soil moisture (SM) levels, leading to decreased crop yields and increased water scarcity, thereby threatening food security and the livelihoods of a population predominantly reliant on farming. Unlike previous studies on this region, this...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025002919 |
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| author | Shishir Chaulagain Manoj Lamichhane Urusha Chaulagain Sushant Gyawali Sadina Shrestha Vishnu Prasad Pandey |
| author_facet | Shishir Chaulagain Manoj Lamichhane Urusha Chaulagain Sushant Gyawali Sadina Shrestha Vishnu Prasad Pandey |
| author_sort | Shishir Chaulagain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought impacts adversely the agriculture sector by reducing soil moisture (SM) levels, leading to decreased crop yields and increased water scarcity, thereby threatening food security and the livelihoods of a population predominantly reliant on farming. Unlike previous studies on this region, this study uses multiple SM products to evaluate agricultural drought with the aim of identifying the area that is more vulnerable to drought. Using satellite-based and model-based SM observations Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS-2.1), Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS)) along with climatology and discharge measurements, we examine the spatial and temporal drought patterns. By utilizing Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI) alongside Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Flow Index (SFI), this research highlights the complex progression from meteorological to agricultural and hydrological droughts. The findings reveal a strong relationship between SWDI-GLDAS (SWDIgl) and the Atmospheric Water Deficit (AWD), confirming SWDIgl's reliability for identifying agricultural drought. Notably, SPEI's impact in SWDI is more evident with the three-month lag, and SPEI correlates moderately with SFI at a 12-month lag. Significant correlations were found for winter wheat during their sowing and growing period. These findings suggest that further monitoring and forecasting of agricultural drought should incorporate SWDIgl due to its strong correlation with AWD. These insights can inform targeted interventions for winter wheat during their critical growth periods to mitigate drought effects in agriculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3ad5f12daf8405d9b52bcfb4a320c2a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3ad5f12daf8405d9b52bcfb4a320c2a2025-02-12T05:31:43ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125104205Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in NepalShishir Chaulagain0Manoj Lamichhane1Urusha Chaulagain2Sushant Gyawali3Sadina Shrestha4Vishnu Prasad Pandey5Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Kathmandu, NepalDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USADepartment of Civil Engineering, Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Kathmandu, NepalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Kathmandu, NepalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Kathmandu, NepalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal; Center for Water Resources Studies, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal; Corresponding author.Drought impacts adversely the agriculture sector by reducing soil moisture (SM) levels, leading to decreased crop yields and increased water scarcity, thereby threatening food security and the livelihoods of a population predominantly reliant on farming. Unlike previous studies on this region, this study uses multiple SM products to evaluate agricultural drought with the aim of identifying the area that is more vulnerable to drought. Using satellite-based and model-based SM observations Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS-2.1), Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS)) along with climatology and discharge measurements, we examine the spatial and temporal drought patterns. By utilizing Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI) alongside Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Flow Index (SFI), this research highlights the complex progression from meteorological to agricultural and hydrological droughts. The findings reveal a strong relationship between SWDI-GLDAS (SWDIgl) and the Atmospheric Water Deficit (AWD), confirming SWDIgl's reliability for identifying agricultural drought. Notably, SPEI's impact in SWDI is more evident with the three-month lag, and SPEI correlates moderately with SFI at a 12-month lag. Significant correlations were found for winter wheat during their sowing and growing period. These findings suggest that further monitoring and forecasting of agricultural drought should incorporate SWDIgl due to its strong correlation with AWD. These insights can inform targeted interventions for winter wheat during their critical growth periods to mitigate drought effects in agriculture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025002919AgricultureCrop yieldsDroughtFood securitySoil moisture |
| spellingShingle | Shishir Chaulagain Manoj Lamichhane Urusha Chaulagain Sushant Gyawali Sadina Shrestha Vishnu Prasad Pandey Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal Results in Engineering Agriculture Crop yields Drought Food security Soil moisture |
| title | Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal |
| title_full | Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal |
| title_short | Evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in Nepal |
| title_sort | evaluating different drought products for assessing drought and implications on agriculture in nepal |
| topic | Agriculture Crop yields Drought Food security Soil moisture |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025002919 |
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