Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar
Abstract Persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar have attracted wide attention due to their multifaceted roles in the environment. The regulation of PFRs in biochar is not only beneficial to broaden its application potential, but also eliminates its environmental risks. However, as a common bioch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Biochar |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00405-3 |
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| author | Yajie Gao Yuan Gao Aimin Li |
| author_facet | Yajie Gao Yuan Gao Aimin Li |
| author_sort | Yajie Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar have attracted wide attention due to their multifaceted roles in the environment. The regulation of PFRs in biochar is not only beneficial to broaden its application potential, but also eliminates its environmental risks. However, as a common biochar modification reagent, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has not been studied in the field of PFRs regulation. Herein, this study systematically investigated the effect of H3PO4 on PFRs in biochar under various conditions. The results indicated that H3PO4 promoted the formation of PFRs in biochar at low pyrolysis temperature (< 500 °C), owing to the positive effect of catalytic cross-linking on the degradation of biomass precursor. Yet, H3PO4 reduced PFRs in biochar at high pyrolysis temperature (≥ 500 °C), since the capture of H∙ or HO∙ by PO∙ and the steric hindrance changed by H3PO4, which caused the rearrangement and polycondensation of carbon structure. H3PO4 also favored carbon-centered PFRs as the dominant type. The ingredients of biomass precursor, including cellulose, Fe, Ti, protein, etc., contributed to different effects on PFRs under H3PO4 modification. This study provided new insights into the roles of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of PFRs in biochar, coupled with regulation strategies in the practical application. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c963b6c9ec404ebdbadd6c98264c138d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2524-7867 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochar |
| spelling | doaj-art-c963b6c9ec404ebdbadd6c98264c138d2025-02-09T12:48:50ZengSpringerBiochar2524-78672025-02-017111810.1007/s42773-024-00405-3Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biocharYajie Gao0Yuan Gao1Aimin Li2Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyAbstract Persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar have attracted wide attention due to their multifaceted roles in the environment. The regulation of PFRs in biochar is not only beneficial to broaden its application potential, but also eliminates its environmental risks. However, as a common biochar modification reagent, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has not been studied in the field of PFRs regulation. Herein, this study systematically investigated the effect of H3PO4 on PFRs in biochar under various conditions. The results indicated that H3PO4 promoted the formation of PFRs in biochar at low pyrolysis temperature (< 500 °C), owing to the positive effect of catalytic cross-linking on the degradation of biomass precursor. Yet, H3PO4 reduced PFRs in biochar at high pyrolysis temperature (≥ 500 °C), since the capture of H∙ or HO∙ by PO∙ and the steric hindrance changed by H3PO4, which caused the rearrangement and polycondensation of carbon structure. H3PO4 also favored carbon-centered PFRs as the dominant type. The ingredients of biomass precursor, including cellulose, Fe, Ti, protein, etc., contributed to different effects on PFRs under H3PO4 modification. This study provided new insights into the roles of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of PFRs in biochar, coupled with regulation strategies in the practical application. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00405-3BiocharPersistent free radicalsH3PO4 modificationEffect mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Yajie Gao Yuan Gao Aimin Li Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar Biochar Biochar Persistent free radicals H3PO4 modification Effect mechanism |
| title | Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar |
| title_full | Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar |
| title_fullStr | Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar |
| title_short | Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar |
| title_sort | effect mechanism of h3po4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar |
| topic | Biochar Persistent free radicals H3PO4 modification Effect mechanism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00405-3 |
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