Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics
The human antibiotics cefuroxime (CXM) and azithromycin (AZI) are among the most commonly prescribed. A significant portion of both are excreted and has been detected in sewage treatment plant effluents. The increasing use of such effluents in crops for irrigation and as fertilisers poses a threat t...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324016907 |
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| author | Laura Rodríguez-González Montserrat Díaz-Raviña Beatriz Sevilla-Morán Elena García-Campos Juan José Villaverde Manuel Arias-Estévez David Fernández-Calviño Vanesa Santás-Miguel |
| author_facet | Laura Rodríguez-González Montserrat Díaz-Raviña Beatriz Sevilla-Morán Elena García-Campos Juan José Villaverde Manuel Arias-Estévez David Fernández-Calviño Vanesa Santás-Miguel |
| author_sort | Laura Rodríguez-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human antibiotics cefuroxime (CXM) and azithromycin (AZI) are among the most commonly prescribed. A significant portion of both are excreted and has been detected in sewage treatment plant effluents. The increasing use of such effluents in crops for irrigation and as fertilisers poses a threat to soil microbiota because of the presence of antibiotics. The lack of studies on CXM and AZI in soils hinders our understanding of their potential toxic effects on soil bacterial communities and ecosystem services. This study significantly contributes to the literature by quantifying the toxicity of CXM and AZI at varying concentrations in 12 different crop soils and tracking their evolution over time. The study also examined whether antibiotic pressure led to the development of more tolerant bacterial communities. The results of this study are the values of the logarithm of the antibiotic concentration at which 50 % of bacterial growth is inhibited (Log IC50) and indicate that both antibiotics are toxic to soil bacteria. The direct toxicity of CXM (1 day after contamination) was higher (Log IC50: 0.9 = 7.9 mg kg−1) than that of AZI (Log IC50: 3.4 = 2362 mg kg−1). However, bacterial growth was less affected by CXM over time, whereas AZI remained toxic in some soils until day 42 (Log IC50: 3.2 = 1533 mg kg−1 and 3.4 = 2291 mg kg−1, respectively). The overall results indicate that selective pressure exerted by antibiotics generates antibiotic tolerance in soils, even at the lowest antibiotic concentration studied (7.8 mg kg−1). The general trend was to increase tolerance to higher antibiotic concentrations up to the highest concentration studied (2000 mg kg−1). However, the degree of tolerance developed was highly dependent on soil type. More studies should be conducted to quantitatively assess the toxic and tolerance-developing effects of antibiotics in soils. Such information will be valuable for identifying which antibiotics pose a threat to the soil microbiota and consequently to human health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce1ea566496c4fdeb673e28dd8eb6592 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce1ea566496c4fdeb673e28dd8eb65922025-02-12T05:30:00ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-01-01290117614Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibioticsLaura Rodríguez-González0Montserrat Díaz-Raviña1Beatriz Sevilla-Morán2Elena García-Campos3Juan José Villaverde4Manuel Arias-Estévez5David Fernández-Calviño6Vanesa Santás-Miguel7Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Ourense 32004, Spain; Corresponding author at: Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain.Departamento de Suelos, Ecosistemas y Ecología Forestal, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Unidad Asociada COMIC UVigo, Avda de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain; Comunidades Microbianas de Suelos (id. UA 1678), MBG-CSIC/Universidad de Vigo, Associated Unit to CSIC, SpainDepartamento de Suelos, Ecosistemas y Ecología Forestal, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Unidad Asociada COMIC UVigo, Avda de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, SpainDepartamento de Suelos, Ecosistemas y Ecología Forestal, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Unidad Asociada COMIC UVigo, Avda de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, SpainDepartamento de Suelos, Ecosistemas y Ecología Forestal, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Unidad Asociada COMIC UVigo, Avda de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain; Comunidades Microbianas de Suelos (id. UA 1678), MBG-CSIC/Universidad de Vigo, Associated Unit to CSIC, SpainÁrea de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Ourense 32004, Spain; Comunidades Microbianas de Suelos (id. UA 1678), MBG-CSIC/Universidad de Vigo, Associated Unit to CSIC, SpainÁrea de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Ourense 32004, Spain; Comunidades Microbianas de Suelos (id. UA 1678), MBG-CSIC/Universidad de Vigo, Associated Unit to CSIC, SpainÁrea de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Ourense 32004, SpainThe human antibiotics cefuroxime (CXM) and azithromycin (AZI) are among the most commonly prescribed. A significant portion of both are excreted and has been detected in sewage treatment plant effluents. The increasing use of such effluents in crops for irrigation and as fertilisers poses a threat to soil microbiota because of the presence of antibiotics. The lack of studies on CXM and AZI in soils hinders our understanding of their potential toxic effects on soil bacterial communities and ecosystem services. This study significantly contributes to the literature by quantifying the toxicity of CXM and AZI at varying concentrations in 12 different crop soils and tracking their evolution over time. The study also examined whether antibiotic pressure led to the development of more tolerant bacterial communities. The results of this study are the values of the logarithm of the antibiotic concentration at which 50 % of bacterial growth is inhibited (Log IC50) and indicate that both antibiotics are toxic to soil bacteria. The direct toxicity of CXM (1 day after contamination) was higher (Log IC50: 0.9 = 7.9 mg kg−1) than that of AZI (Log IC50: 3.4 = 2362 mg kg−1). However, bacterial growth was less affected by CXM over time, whereas AZI remained toxic in some soils until day 42 (Log IC50: 3.2 = 1533 mg kg−1 and 3.4 = 2291 mg kg−1, respectively). The overall results indicate that selective pressure exerted by antibiotics generates antibiotic tolerance in soils, even at the lowest antibiotic concentration studied (7.8 mg kg−1). The general trend was to increase tolerance to higher antibiotic concentrations up to the highest concentration studied (2000 mg kg−1). However, the degree of tolerance developed was highly dependent on soil type. More studies should be conducted to quantitatively assess the toxic and tolerance-developing effects of antibiotics in soils. Such information will be valuable for identifying which antibiotics pose a threat to the soil microbiota and consequently to human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324016907Leucine incorporationPollution-Induced Community ToleranceCefuroximeAzithromycinPolluted soils |
| spellingShingle | Laura Rodríguez-González Montserrat Díaz-Raviña Beatriz Sevilla-Morán Elena García-Campos Juan José Villaverde Manuel Arias-Estévez David Fernández-Calviño Vanesa Santás-Miguel Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Leucine incorporation Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance Cefuroxime Azithromycin Polluted soils |
| title | Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics |
| title_full | Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics |
| title_fullStr | Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics |
| title_short | Influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics |
| title_sort | influence of soil type on bacterial growth and tolerance to experimentally added human antibiotics |
| topic | Leucine incorporation Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance Cefuroxime Azithromycin Polluted soils |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324016907 |
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