Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021
Abstract The present study investigated the long-term inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly trend analysis and variability of PM2.5 on different times scales over the national capital, Delhi, India, using high-resolution surface observations from six stations during 2007–2021. The non-parametric Mann-...
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| Format: | Article |
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2022-08-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220191 |
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| author | Chetna Surendra K. Dhaka Gagandeep Longiany Vivek Panwar Vinay Kumar Shristy Malik A. S. Rao Narendra Singh A. P. Dimri Yutaka Matsumi Tomoki Nakayama Sachiko Hayashida |
| author_facet | Chetna Surendra K. Dhaka Gagandeep Longiany Vivek Panwar Vinay Kumar Shristy Malik A. S. Rao Narendra Singh A. P. Dimri Yutaka Matsumi Tomoki Nakayama Sachiko Hayashida |
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| description | Abstract The present study investigated the long-term inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly trend analysis and variability of PM2.5 on different times scales over the national capital, Delhi, India, using high-resolution surface observations from six stations during 2007–2021. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Theil-Sen slope estimator were used to study the temporal variations. The long-term PM2.5 concentration showed an overall small but statistically significant decreasing trend with an average decrease of −1.35 (95% CI: −2.3, −0.47) µg m−3 year−1. Seasonal trends revealed a significant decreasing value of −3.05 µg m−3 year−1 (p < 0.1) for summer, an insignificant declining trend of −1.95 µg m−3 year-1 for monsoon. Similarly no significant trend detected for the post the post monsoon and winter season. Except for December and January, all months displayed a decreasing trend for PM2.5 concentration. These findings indicate that particle pollution over the city is declining at a very slow rate. A rising trend was found for relative humidity and surface pressure, whereas a declining trend for wind speed and PBLH was observed. No trend was observed for temperature and rainfall. The Pearson linear correlation between PM2.5 and meteorological variables was studied using monthly mean data. Rainfall, air temperature, PBLH, and wind speed showed a negative correlation with PM2.5, whereas surface pressure had a positive correlation and relative humidity displayed an inverted U-shape relationship. The average concentration of PM2.5 in the study period of 15 years remained 125 ± 86 µg m−3 (ranging between 20 to 985 µg m−3) and during winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons it was 174 ± 75, 101 ± 48, 66 ± 50, and 192 ± 93 µg m−3 respectively. Minimum of the monthly averaged PM2.5 concentration was observed in August, while maximum is November. Satellite data of fire events showed that the crop residue burning over the Punjab region had a significant contribution to the peak PM2.5 levels in Delhi during the crop burning period. Government agencies need more strict action plans, especially during winter, to comply with air quality standards. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dd23567fce7e48229c8247d744f80dff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd23567fce7e48229c8247d744f80dff2025-02-09T12:22:42ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-08-0123511710.4209/aaqr.220191Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021Chetna0Surendra K. Dhaka1Gagandeep Longiany2Vivek Panwar3Vinay Kumar4Shristy Malik5A. S. Rao6Narendra Singh7A. P. Dimri8Yutaka Matsumi9Tomoki Nakayama10Sachiko Hayashida11Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of DelhiRadio and Atmospheric Physics Lab, Rajdhani College, University of DelhiKeshav Mahavidyalaya, University of DelhiRadio and Atmospheric Physics Lab, Rajdhani College, University of DelhiRadio and Atmospheric Physics Lab, Rajdhani College, University of DelhiDepartment of Physics, Delhi Technical UniversityDepartment of Physics, Delhi Technical UniversityAryabhatta Research Institute of Observational SciencES (ARIES), Manora PeakSchool of Environmental Sciences, JNUInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya UniversityFaculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki UniversityResearch Institute for Humanity and NatureAbstract The present study investigated the long-term inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly trend analysis and variability of PM2.5 on different times scales over the national capital, Delhi, India, using high-resolution surface observations from six stations during 2007–2021. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Theil-Sen slope estimator were used to study the temporal variations. The long-term PM2.5 concentration showed an overall small but statistically significant decreasing trend with an average decrease of −1.35 (95% CI: −2.3, −0.47) µg m−3 year−1. Seasonal trends revealed a significant decreasing value of −3.05 µg m−3 year−1 (p < 0.1) for summer, an insignificant declining trend of −1.95 µg m−3 year-1 for monsoon. Similarly no significant trend detected for the post the post monsoon and winter season. Except for December and January, all months displayed a decreasing trend for PM2.5 concentration. These findings indicate that particle pollution over the city is declining at a very slow rate. A rising trend was found for relative humidity and surface pressure, whereas a declining trend for wind speed and PBLH was observed. No trend was observed for temperature and rainfall. The Pearson linear correlation between PM2.5 and meteorological variables was studied using monthly mean data. Rainfall, air temperature, PBLH, and wind speed showed a negative correlation with PM2.5, whereas surface pressure had a positive correlation and relative humidity displayed an inverted U-shape relationship. The average concentration of PM2.5 in the study period of 15 years remained 125 ± 86 µg m−3 (ranging between 20 to 985 µg m−3) and during winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons it was 174 ± 75, 101 ± 48, 66 ± 50, and 192 ± 93 µg m−3 respectively. Minimum of the monthly averaged PM2.5 concentration was observed in August, while maximum is November. Satellite data of fire events showed that the crop residue burning over the Punjab region had a significant contribution to the peak PM2.5 levels in Delhi during the crop burning period. Government agencies need more strict action plans, especially during winter, to comply with air quality standards.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220191Long-term trend analysisSeasonal variationTheil-Sen approachParticulate matterStubble crop burning |
| spellingShingle | Chetna Surendra K. Dhaka Gagandeep Longiany Vivek Panwar Vinay Kumar Shristy Malik A. S. Rao Narendra Singh A. P. Dimri Yutaka Matsumi Tomoki Nakayama Sachiko Hayashida Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021 Aerosol and Air Quality Research Long-term trend analysis Seasonal variation Theil-Sen approach Particulate matter Stubble crop burning |
| title | Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021 |
| title_full | Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021 |
| title_short | Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007–2021 |
| title_sort | trends and variability of pm2 5 at different time scales over delhi long term analysis 2007 2021 |
| topic | Long-term trend analysis Seasonal variation Theil-Sen approach Particulate matter Stubble crop burning |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220191 |
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