Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China
Abstract Typhoons are extreme weather events with substantial effects on ambient air. However, whether typhoons of different intensities have the same effects on the chemical composition of rainwater is unclear. Therefore, 4 years of rainwater sampling and an analysis of the ionic composition (Cl−,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210210 |
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| author | Zhen Zeng Xin Zhou Zhiyang Li Fajin Chen Huijie Luo Guirong He Ziyun Deng Chunqing Chen Qibin Lao |
| author_facet | Zhen Zeng Xin Zhou Zhiyang Li Fajin Chen Huijie Luo Guirong He Ziyun Deng Chunqing Chen Qibin Lao |
| author_sort | Zhen Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Typhoons are extreme weather events with substantial effects on ambient air. However, whether typhoons of different intensities have the same effects on the chemical composition of rainwater is unclear. Therefore, 4 years of rainwater sampling and an analysis of the ionic composition (Cl−, Ca2+, Na+, SO4 2–, Mg2+, F−, and K+) of rainwater were conducted in Zhanjiang, a city on the southern tip of mainland China. The ionic composition varied seasonally, being high in dry seasons whereas low in wet seasons; ion levels were controlled by rainfall dilution effects rather than by the monsoon transition. Source determination demonstrated that the marine influences in the dry and wet seasons were similar, further indicating the limited impact of the monsoon climate on the ionic species’ seasonal patterns. The heavy rain and strong wind (> 47.4 m s−1) brought by a super typhoon led to an increase in ionic species carried from continental sources into ambient air, and such species were then captured by precipitation. The weak winds (10.71– 12.84 m s−1) brought by weak typhoons failed to blow such ions into the air, but rainfall dilution still occurred and was dependent upon rainfall amount. Our results suggest that strong typhoons can increase ion concentrations in rainwater, whereas weak typhoons reduce such concentrations. The results provide new insight into the relationship between air quality and typhoons. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de64da8f33e6463e950ad23c62c6bfaf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-de64da8f33e6463e950ad23c62c6bfaf2025-02-09T12:17:29ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-01-0122311210.4209/aaqr.210210Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, ChinaZhen Zeng0Xin Zhou1Zhiyang Li2Fajin Chen3Huijie Luo4Guirong He5Ziyun Deng6Chunqing Chen7Qibin Lao8College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean UniversityCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityGuangdong AIB Polytechnic CollegeCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityCollege of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean UniversityAbstract Typhoons are extreme weather events with substantial effects on ambient air. However, whether typhoons of different intensities have the same effects on the chemical composition of rainwater is unclear. Therefore, 4 years of rainwater sampling and an analysis of the ionic composition (Cl−, Ca2+, Na+, SO4 2–, Mg2+, F−, and K+) of rainwater were conducted in Zhanjiang, a city on the southern tip of mainland China. The ionic composition varied seasonally, being high in dry seasons whereas low in wet seasons; ion levels were controlled by rainfall dilution effects rather than by the monsoon transition. Source determination demonstrated that the marine influences in the dry and wet seasons were similar, further indicating the limited impact of the monsoon climate on the ionic species’ seasonal patterns. The heavy rain and strong wind (> 47.4 m s−1) brought by a super typhoon led to an increase in ionic species carried from continental sources into ambient air, and such species were then captured by precipitation. The weak winds (10.71– 12.84 m s−1) brought by weak typhoons failed to blow such ions into the air, but rainfall dilution still occurred and was dependent upon rainfall amount. Our results suggest that strong typhoons can increase ion concentrations in rainwater, whereas weak typhoons reduce such concentrations. The results provide new insight into the relationship between air quality and typhoons.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210210Wet depositionChemical compositionTyphoon intensityWind speedSouthern China |
| spellingShingle | Zhen Zeng Xin Zhou Zhiyang Li Fajin Chen Huijie Luo Guirong He Ziyun Deng Chunqing Chen Qibin Lao Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China Aerosol and Air Quality Research Wet deposition Chemical composition Typhoon intensity Wind speed Southern China |
| title | Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China |
| title_full | Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China |
| title_short | Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China |
| title_sort | influence of typhoons on chemical makeup of rainwater in zhanjiang china |
| topic | Wet deposition Chemical composition Typhoon intensity Wind speed Southern China |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210210 |
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