Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1
Introduction: Long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapy was developed to improve adherence by reducing injection frequency compared to daily growth hormone (GH) therapy. Objectives: This review assesses the impact of LAGH therapy on serum levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF...
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Academia.edu Journals
2024-12-01
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| author | Ashraf Soliman Fawzia Alyafei Nada Alaaraj Noor Hamed Shayma Mohamed Ahmed Elawwa Vincenzo De Sanctis |
| author_facet | Ashraf Soliman Fawzia Alyafei Nada Alaaraj Noor Hamed Shayma Mohamed Ahmed Elawwa Vincenzo De Sanctis |
| author_sort | Ashraf Soliman |
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Introduction: Long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapy was developed to improve adherence by reducing injection frequency compared to daily growth hormone (GH) therapy. Objectives: This review assesses the impact of LAGH therapy on serum levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and evaluates the potential metabolic and safety risks compared to the natural pulsatile secretion of GH and daily GH injections in normal children. Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified studies examining the effects of LAGH therapy on serum GH and IGF-1 levels. Results: Studies from 2010 to 2024 were included. LAGH formulations maintain elevated IGF-1 levels for extended periods, in contrast to the episodic peaks and troughs of natural GH secretion. These formulations demonstrate efficacy in promoting growth and maintaining IGF-1 levels but are associated with sustained nonpulsatile GH exposure. Significant intra- and interindividual variability in GH uptake after injection has been observed, with higher GH concentrations correlating with increased IGF-1 levels and growth response. Concerns have been raised about adverse metabolic outcomes, including decreased insulin sensitivity. Sustained high IGF-1 levels with LAGH therapy may also increase risks for certain cancers and proliferative disorders, although evidence remains inconclusive. Discussion: While LAGH therapy offers improved adherence, it leads to nonphysiological, sustained high levels of GH and IGF-1, raising concerns about long-term metabolic effects. Conclusions: LAGH therapy presents a viable alternative to daily GH injections, providing improved adherence and convenience. However, continuous monitoring of long-term metabolic and safety risks and performing long-term studies are crucial to ensuring safe and effective use in clinical practice. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e073cc89459b48088137a612f3cd76412025-02-11T00:47:23ZengAcademia.edu JournalsAcademia Biology2837-40102024-12-012410.20935/AcadBiol7439Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1Ashraf Soliman0Fawzia Alyafei1Nada Alaaraj2Noor Hamed3Shayma Mohamed4Ahmed Elawwa5Vincenzo De Sanctis6Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital; Hamad Medical Centre, Doha 3050, Qatar.Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital; Hamad Medical Centre, Doha 3050, Qatar.Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital; Hamad Medical Centre, Doha 3050, Qatar.Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital; Hamad Medical Centre, Doha 3050, Qatar.Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital; Hamad Medical Centre, Doha 3050, Qatar.Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital; Hamad Medical Centre, Doha 3050, Qatar.Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Private Accredited Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy. Introduction: Long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapy was developed to improve adherence by reducing injection frequency compared to daily growth hormone (GH) therapy. Objectives: This review assesses the impact of LAGH therapy on serum levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and evaluates the potential metabolic and safety risks compared to the natural pulsatile secretion of GH and daily GH injections in normal children. Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified studies examining the effects of LAGH therapy on serum GH and IGF-1 levels. Results: Studies from 2010 to 2024 were included. LAGH formulations maintain elevated IGF-1 levels for extended periods, in contrast to the episodic peaks and troughs of natural GH secretion. These formulations demonstrate efficacy in promoting growth and maintaining IGF-1 levels but are associated with sustained nonpulsatile GH exposure. Significant intra- and interindividual variability in GH uptake after injection has been observed, with higher GH concentrations correlating with increased IGF-1 levels and growth response. Concerns have been raised about adverse metabolic outcomes, including decreased insulin sensitivity. Sustained high IGF-1 levels with LAGH therapy may also increase risks for certain cancers and proliferative disorders, although evidence remains inconclusive. Discussion: While LAGH therapy offers improved adherence, it leads to nonphysiological, sustained high levels of GH and IGF-1, raising concerns about long-term metabolic effects. Conclusions: LAGH therapy presents a viable alternative to daily GH injections, providing improved adherence and convenience. However, continuous monitoring of long-term metabolic and safety risks and performing long-term studies are crucial to ensuring safe and effective use in clinical practice.https://www.academia.edu/126438734/Study_of_long_acting_vs_daily_growth_hormone_peak_levels_AUC_action_duration_and_IGF_1 |
| spellingShingle | Ashraf Soliman Fawzia Alyafei Nada Alaaraj Noor Hamed Shayma Mohamed Ahmed Elawwa Vincenzo De Sanctis Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1 Academia Biology |
| title | Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1 |
| title_full | Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1 |
| title_fullStr | Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1 |
| title_short | Study of long-acting vs daily growth hormone: peak levels, AUC, action duration, and IGF-1 |
| title_sort | study of long acting vs daily growth hormone peak levels auc action duration and igf 1 |
| url | https://www.academia.edu/126438734/Study_of_long_acting_vs_daily_growth_hormone_peak_levels_AUC_action_duration_and_IGF_1 |
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