The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients
Abstract Background Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored as a therapeutic intervention to counteract this immunosuppression. De...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6 |
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| author | Zhen-Hao Yu Gui-Xiang Tian Yao-Dong Wang Ting-Yan Liu Peng Shi Jia-Yun Ying Wei-Ming Chen Yu-Feng Zhou Guo-Ping Lu Cai-Yan Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhen-Hao Yu Gui-Xiang Tian Yao-Dong Wang Ting-Yan Liu Peng Shi Jia-Yun Ying Wei-Ming Chen Yu-Feng Zhou Guo-Ping Lu Cai-Yan Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhen-Hao Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored as a therapeutic intervention to counteract this immunosuppression. Despite its potential, the efficacy of GM-CSF in pediatric septic shock has not been clearly established. This study aims to investigate the impact of GM-CSF administration on survival rates and to identify key predictors of treatment outcomes in pediatric septic shock patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. The study included pediatric patients diagnosed with septic shock, analyzing their demographic data, GM-CSF and adjunctive therapies, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes. We employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the influence of GM-CSF on 28-day mortality and identify significant predictors of treatment outcomes. Results The study included 200 pediatric patients, with 66 receiving GM-CSF treatment and 134 not treated with GM-CSF. The initial comparison showed a higher 28-day mortality in the GM-CSF group (59.1%) compared to the non-GM-CSF group (35.1%, P = 0.001). Notably, after adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate analysis revealed that the effect of GM-CSF treatment on 28-day mortality among pediatric septic shock patients did not reach statistical significance, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.472 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.153 to 1.457 (P = 0.192). However, the analysis indicated a potential trend suggesting that GM-CSF treatment may contribute to a reduction in 28-day mortality. In addition, significant predictors of treatment outcomes included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), lactic acid (LAC) levels, hospital-acquired septic shock (HASS), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet (PLT) count. Conclusions GM-CSF treatment may benefit pediatric septic shock patients, especially those with higher lactic acid, and lower RBC and platelet counts. These factors, which are significant predictors of outcomes, should be monitored during therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1e626cbed2a43f5a5480a8c21ff92ca |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1824-7288 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1e626cbed2a43f5a5480a8c21ff92ca2025-02-09T12:48:04ZengBMCItalian Journal of Pediatrics1824-72882025-02-015111910.1186/s13052-025-01863-6The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patientsZhen-Hao Yu0Gui-Xiang Tian1Yao-Dong Wang2Ting-Yan Liu3Peng Shi4Jia-Yun Ying5Wei-Ming Chen6Yu-Feng Zhou7Guo-Ping Lu8Cai-Yan Zhang9Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityClinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityAbstract Background Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored as a therapeutic intervention to counteract this immunosuppression. Despite its potential, the efficacy of GM-CSF in pediatric septic shock has not been clearly established. This study aims to investigate the impact of GM-CSF administration on survival rates and to identify key predictors of treatment outcomes in pediatric septic shock patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. The study included pediatric patients diagnosed with septic shock, analyzing their demographic data, GM-CSF and adjunctive therapies, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes. We employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the influence of GM-CSF on 28-day mortality and identify significant predictors of treatment outcomes. Results The study included 200 pediatric patients, with 66 receiving GM-CSF treatment and 134 not treated with GM-CSF. The initial comparison showed a higher 28-day mortality in the GM-CSF group (59.1%) compared to the non-GM-CSF group (35.1%, P = 0.001). Notably, after adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate analysis revealed that the effect of GM-CSF treatment on 28-day mortality among pediatric septic shock patients did not reach statistical significance, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.472 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.153 to 1.457 (P = 0.192). However, the analysis indicated a potential trend suggesting that GM-CSF treatment may contribute to a reduction in 28-day mortality. In addition, significant predictors of treatment outcomes included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), lactic acid (LAC) levels, hospital-acquired septic shock (HASS), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet (PLT) count. Conclusions GM-CSF treatment may benefit pediatric septic shock patients, especially those with higher lactic acid, and lower RBC and platelet counts. These factors, which are significant predictors of outcomes, should be monitored during therapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6PediatricSepstic shockImmunomodulationImmunotherapyGM-CSF |
| spellingShingle | Zhen-Hao Yu Gui-Xiang Tian Yao-Dong Wang Ting-Yan Liu Peng Shi Jia-Yun Ying Wei-Ming Chen Yu-Feng Zhou Guo-Ping Lu Cai-Yan Zhang The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients Italian Journal of Pediatrics Pediatric Sepstic shock Immunomodulation Immunotherapy GM-CSF |
| title | The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients |
| title_full | The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients |
| title_fullStr | The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients |
| title_short | The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients |
| title_sort | effect of gm csf and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients |
| topic | Pediatric Sepstic shock Immunomodulation Immunotherapy GM-CSF |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01863-6 |
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