Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings
Abstract Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a threat to cattle health and public safety. The current control programs are hampered by wildlife reservoirs and socioeconomic barriers. Vaccinating cattle with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) effectively reduces transmission, offering a potential solution for c...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85389-1 |
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| author | Abebe Fromsa Andrew J. K. Conlan Sreenidhi Srinivasan Balako Gumi Wegene Bedada Miserach Zeleke Dawit Worku Matios Lakew Biniam Tadesse Berecha Bayissa Asegedech Sirak Musse Girma Abdela Getnet Abie Mekonnen Tesfaye Chibssa Maroudam Veerasami Gareth J. Jones H. Martin Vordermeier Nick Juleff James L. N. Wood Gobena Ameni Vivek Kapur |
| author_facet | Abebe Fromsa Andrew J. K. Conlan Sreenidhi Srinivasan Balako Gumi Wegene Bedada Miserach Zeleke Dawit Worku Matios Lakew Biniam Tadesse Berecha Bayissa Asegedech Sirak Musse Girma Abdela Getnet Abie Mekonnen Tesfaye Chibssa Maroudam Veerasami Gareth J. Jones H. Martin Vordermeier Nick Juleff James L. N. Wood Gobena Ameni Vivek Kapur |
| author_sort | Abebe Fromsa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a threat to cattle health and public safety. The current control programs are hampered by wildlife reservoirs and socioeconomic barriers. Vaccinating cattle with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) effectively reduces transmission, offering a potential solution for controlling bTB. A key requirement for vaccination strategies using BCG is the validation of defined antigens to differentiate infections among vaccinated animals (DIVA). We compared tuberculin with DIVA peptide cocktails (ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c) in 67 unvaccinated and 67 BCG-vaccinated cattle exposed to M. bovis in a natural setting. The cattle were tested every 4 months with a skin test and every 2 months with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) over a year of exposure. Before exposure, the DIVA skin, DIVA IGRA, and tuberculin tests showed 100% specificity in unvaccinated control calves. After exposure, the DIVA skin, DIVA IGRA, and comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) tests had comparable sensitivities of 46% (95% CI 36, 56), 45% (95% CI 35, 55), and 47 (95% CI 37, 57), respectively, when assessed against animals positive by M. bovis culture PCR. The results suggest that test-and-slaughter control strategies using tests with low sensitivity are not expected to be effective in controlling bTB in high-prevalence herds, and highlight an urgent need to improve the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for bTB in these settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e620396cb38d46d3ad856cdd19865e86 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e620396cb38d46d3ad856cdd19865e862025-02-09T12:31:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-85389-1Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settingsAbebe Fromsa0Andrew J. K. Conlan1Sreenidhi Srinivasan2Balako Gumi3Wegene Bedada4Miserach Zeleke5Dawit Worku6Matios Lakew7Biniam Tadesse8Berecha Bayissa9Asegedech Sirak10Musse Girma Abdela11Getnet Abie Mekonnen12Tesfaye Chibssa13Maroudam Veerasami14Gareth J. Jones15H. Martin VordermeierNick Juleff16James L. N. Wood17Gobena Ameni18Vivek Kapur19Aklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityDisease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of CambridgeHuck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State UniversityAklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityAnimal Health InstituteAklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityAnimal Health InstituteAnimal Health InstituteAklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityAnimal Health InstituteAklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityAnimal Health InstituteAnimal Health InstituteCisGen Biotech Discoveries Pvt LtdAnimal and Plant Health AgencyThe Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationDisease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of CambridgeAklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityHuck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State UniversityAbstract Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a threat to cattle health and public safety. The current control programs are hampered by wildlife reservoirs and socioeconomic barriers. Vaccinating cattle with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) effectively reduces transmission, offering a potential solution for controlling bTB. A key requirement for vaccination strategies using BCG is the validation of defined antigens to differentiate infections among vaccinated animals (DIVA). We compared tuberculin with DIVA peptide cocktails (ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c) in 67 unvaccinated and 67 BCG-vaccinated cattle exposed to M. bovis in a natural setting. The cattle were tested every 4 months with a skin test and every 2 months with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) over a year of exposure. Before exposure, the DIVA skin, DIVA IGRA, and tuberculin tests showed 100% specificity in unvaccinated control calves. After exposure, the DIVA skin, DIVA IGRA, and comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) tests had comparable sensitivities of 46% (95% CI 36, 56), 45% (95% CI 35, 55), and 47 (95% CI 37, 57), respectively, when assessed against animals positive by M. bovis culture PCR. The results suggest that test-and-slaughter control strategies using tests with low sensitivity are not expected to be effective in controlling bTB in high-prevalence herds, and highlight an urgent need to improve the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for bTB in these settings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85389-1BCG vaccinationBovine tuberculosisDefined antigen cocktailsTuberculinIGRA and skin tests |
| spellingShingle | Abebe Fromsa Andrew J. K. Conlan Sreenidhi Srinivasan Balako Gumi Wegene Bedada Miserach Zeleke Dawit Worku Matios Lakew Biniam Tadesse Berecha Bayissa Asegedech Sirak Musse Girma Abdela Getnet Abie Mekonnen Tesfaye Chibssa Maroudam Veerasami Gareth J. Jones H. Martin Vordermeier Nick Juleff James L. N. Wood Gobena Ameni Vivek Kapur Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings Scientific Reports BCG vaccination Bovine tuberculosis Defined antigen cocktails Tuberculin IGRA and skin tests |
| title | Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings |
| title_full | Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings |
| title_fullStr | Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings |
| title_short | Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings |
| title_sort | comparative performance of tuberculin and defined antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in bcg vaccinated cattle in natural settings |
| topic | BCG vaccination Bovine tuberculosis Defined antigen cocktails Tuberculin IGRA and skin tests |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85389-1 |
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