Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial
Abstract To evaluate the effects of orthoptic training using a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display game in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT), a prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performed in 62 patients ≥ 13 years with IXT of ≥ 8 prism diopters (∆) and with a near ≥ dist...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78088-w |
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| author | Hee Kyung Yang Dong Hyun Kim Je Hyun Kim Taeg Keun Whangbo Jeong-Min Hwang |
| author_facet | Hee Kyung Yang Dong Hyun Kim Je Hyun Kim Taeg Keun Whangbo Jeong-Min Hwang |
| author_sort | Hee Kyung Yang |
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| description | Abstract To evaluate the effects of orthoptic training using a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display game in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT), a prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performed in 62 patients ≥ 13 years with IXT of ≥ 8 prism diopters (∆) and with a near ≥ distance angle, i.e., basic type and convergence insufficiency-type IXT. Patients were randomly assigned to a video-game group that induced convergence (exercise group) and a placebo-game group not inducing convergence (control group), and completed the program 15 min/day for 4 weeks. Subjective symptom scores, angle of exodeviation, near point of convergence, stereoacuity, fusional control scores using the Newcastle Control Score (NCS) and the Office Control Score (OCS) were noted. Outcome measures were assessed after 4 weeks, and re-evaluated after a washout period of 4 weeks. After using the VR game for 4 weeks, the near angle of exodeviation significantly decreased from 29.6 ± 9.5∆ to 25.3 ± 9.0∆ in the exercise group (p < 0.001), which was still maintained after 4 weeks of discontinuation (p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the near angle of exodeviation in the control group at either the 4- or 8-week visits (p = 0.075, 0.093, respectively). The fusional control scores of the NCS and OCS significantly improved at the 4-week (p = 0.001, 0.003, respectively) and 8-week visits (p = 0.004, < 0.001, respectively) only in the exercise group. In conclusion, orthoptic training using a VR game improved the near angle of exodeviation and fusional control scores in IXT. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6a9d57ed8de4e2fa21be6ba58974a11 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6a9d57ed8de4e2fa21be6ba58974a112025-02-09T12:30:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-011511910.1038/s41598-024-78088-wVirtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trialHee Kyung Yang0Dong Hyun Kim1Je Hyun Kim2Taeg Keun Whangbo3Jeong-Min Hwang4Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalIT Department, Gachon UniversityIT Department, Gachon UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalAbstract To evaluate the effects of orthoptic training using a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display game in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT), a prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performed in 62 patients ≥ 13 years with IXT of ≥ 8 prism diopters (∆) and with a near ≥ distance angle, i.e., basic type and convergence insufficiency-type IXT. Patients were randomly assigned to a video-game group that induced convergence (exercise group) and a placebo-game group not inducing convergence (control group), and completed the program 15 min/day for 4 weeks. Subjective symptom scores, angle of exodeviation, near point of convergence, stereoacuity, fusional control scores using the Newcastle Control Score (NCS) and the Office Control Score (OCS) were noted. Outcome measures were assessed after 4 weeks, and re-evaluated after a washout period of 4 weeks. After using the VR game for 4 weeks, the near angle of exodeviation significantly decreased from 29.6 ± 9.5∆ to 25.3 ± 9.0∆ in the exercise group (p < 0.001), which was still maintained after 4 weeks of discontinuation (p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the near angle of exodeviation in the control group at either the 4- or 8-week visits (p = 0.075, 0.093, respectively). The fusional control scores of the NCS and OCS significantly improved at the 4-week (p = 0.001, 0.003, respectively) and 8-week visits (p = 0.004, < 0.001, respectively) only in the exercise group. In conclusion, orthoptic training using a VR game improved the near angle of exodeviation and fusional control scores in IXT.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78088-wExodeviationOrthoptic trainingVirtual reality (VR)Head-mounted display (HMD)Fusional control |
| spellingShingle | Hee Kyung Yang Dong Hyun Kim Je Hyun Kim Taeg Keun Whangbo Jeong-Min Hwang Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial Scientific Reports Exodeviation Orthoptic training Virtual reality (VR) Head-mounted display (HMD) Fusional control |
| title | Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Virtual reality head-mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | virtual reality head mounted display game for intermittent exotropia in a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Exodeviation Orthoptic training Virtual reality (VR) Head-mounted display (HMD) Fusional control |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78088-w |
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