Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner
The exposure of the general population to artificial light at night has dramatically increased in recent decades. Current standards for domestic lighting are based on acute exposure to light and consider blue wavelengths to be responsible for phototoxicity. However, meta-analyses pointed out the rol...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324016816 |
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| author | Anaïs Françon Laurent Jonet Francine Behar-Cohen Alicia Torriglia |
| author_facet | Anaïs Françon Laurent Jonet Francine Behar-Cohen Alicia Torriglia |
| author_sort | Anaïs Françon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exposure of the general population to artificial light at night has dramatically increased in recent decades. Current standards for domestic lighting are based on acute exposure to light and consider blue wavelengths to be responsible for phototoxicity. However, meta-analyses pointed out the role of lifelong light exposure in the onset of age-related macular degeneration, suggesting a cumulative effect of light exposure. Here, we investigate the retinal phototoxicity of a repeated exposure to light emitting diodes of different spectral compositions in 6-week-old albino rats. Rats were exposed twice a day for 15 days to retinal doses that were safe in acute exposure (0.1 and 0.2 J/cm² for blue and white lights, 0.2 J/cm² for green light and 0.05 J/cm² for red light). We show that rats repeatedly exposed to blue and white lights display irreversible retinal damage, characterized by a degradation of the global retinal structure, a significant photoreceptor loss, and an increase of stress and inflammation markers. We highlight the role of green wavelengths in the phototoxicity of white light and show the protective effect of the addition of red light to mitigate the phototoxicity of blue light. All of this points out the need to rethink the current phototoxicity standards by taking into account the cumulative effect of the exposure to light and the role of the different parts of the emission spectrum. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6afaadd218c449493920d2d42d44d78 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6afaadd218c449493920d2d42d44d782025-02-12T05:29:57ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-01-01290117605Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent mannerAnaïs Françon0Laurent Jonet1Francine Behar-Cohen2Alicia Torriglia3Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l’école de Médecine Paris 75006, FranceCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l’école de Médecine Paris 75006, FranceCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l’école de Médecine Paris 75006, France; Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Ophtalmopole, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques Paris 75014, FranceCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l’école de Médecine Paris 75006, France; Corresponding author.The exposure of the general population to artificial light at night has dramatically increased in recent decades. Current standards for domestic lighting are based on acute exposure to light and consider blue wavelengths to be responsible for phototoxicity. However, meta-analyses pointed out the role of lifelong light exposure in the onset of age-related macular degeneration, suggesting a cumulative effect of light exposure. Here, we investigate the retinal phototoxicity of a repeated exposure to light emitting diodes of different spectral compositions in 6-week-old albino rats. Rats were exposed twice a day for 15 days to retinal doses that were safe in acute exposure (0.1 and 0.2 J/cm² for blue and white lights, 0.2 J/cm² for green light and 0.05 J/cm² for red light). We show that rats repeatedly exposed to blue and white lights display irreversible retinal damage, characterized by a degradation of the global retinal structure, a significant photoreceptor loss, and an increase of stress and inflammation markers. We highlight the role of green wavelengths in the phototoxicity of white light and show the protective effect of the addition of red light to mitigate the phototoxicity of blue light. All of this points out the need to rethink the current phototoxicity standards by taking into account the cumulative effect of the exposure to light and the role of the different parts of the emission spectrum.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324016816LightPhototoxicityRetinaRepeated exposure |
| spellingShingle | Anaïs Françon Laurent Jonet Francine Behar-Cohen Alicia Torriglia Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Light Phototoxicity Retina Repeated exposure |
| title | Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner |
| title_full | Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner |
| title_fullStr | Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner |
| title_short | Repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength-dependent manner |
| title_sort | repeated exposure to low doses of light induces retinal damage in vivo in a wavelength dependent manner |
| topic | Light Phototoxicity Retina Repeated exposure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324016816 |
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