Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study
BackgroundThe high myopia prevalence in young East Asian children necessitates early detection and prevention strategies. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and the AL to CR ratio (AL/CR) are potential myopia biomarkers. However, the influence of genetic, growth and development, an...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1510124/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1825206760851374080 |
|---|---|
| author | Xi Qin Yunyun Sun Yunyun Sun Shana Wang Xiaolan Xie Lei Gao Huijian Li Huijian Li Ruihua Wei Jing Fu Jing Fu Bidan Zhu |
| author_facet | Xi Qin Yunyun Sun Yunyun Sun Shana Wang Xiaolan Xie Lei Gao Huijian Li Huijian Li Ruihua Wei Jing Fu Jing Fu Bidan Zhu |
| author_sort | Xi Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe high myopia prevalence in young East Asian children necessitates early detection and prevention strategies. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and the AL to CR ratio (AL/CR) are potential myopia biomarkers. However, the influence of genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors on these metrics in Chinese preschool children remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these factors on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio in children aged 3–6 years in Beijing.MethodsIn this 3-month study, initiated in November 2021, children aged 3–6 years from nine kindergartens in Beijing were randomly selected for ocular biological parameter measurements. The height and weight of each child were measured, and their parents completed a questionnaire on parental myopia and environmental influences. The AL/CR ratio were calculated. One-way analysis of variance, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression models (with age, sex, height, weight, parental myopia, continuous near-work time, electronic products use, and outdoor activity time as variables) were used to compare the effects of different variables on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio.ResultsOverall, 1,353 participants (708 boys; mean age, 4.37 ± 0.82 years) were included in this study. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that parental myopia significantly increased the AL and AL/CR ratio (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Male participants had a longer AL, larger CR, and greater AL/CR ratio than female participants (all p < 0.001). A longer AL and larger CR were associated with greater height (both p < 0.001). The AL/CR ratio increased with age (p < 0.001). The CR was positively associated with the amount of time spent outdoors (p = 0.004).ConclusionOcular biological parameters are influenced by genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors. Among children aged 3–6 years in Beijing, monitoring growth and development, investigating parental myopia, and evaluating eye habits have certain guiding significance for delaying increases in the AL and AL/CR ratio. This study may provide some suggestions for the development of healthy eye habits. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef9ad3f374a24062899559f092e83dae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef9ad3f374a24062899559f092e83dae2025-02-07T06:49:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-02-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15101241510124Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye studyXi Qin0Yunyun Sun1Yunyun Sun2Shana Wang3Xiaolan Xie4Lei Gao5Huijian Li6Huijian Li7Ruihua Wei8Jing Fu9Jing Fu10Bidan Zhu11Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, ChinaTongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, ChinaTongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, ChinaTongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, ChinaTongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundThe high myopia prevalence in young East Asian children necessitates early detection and prevention strategies. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and the AL to CR ratio (AL/CR) are potential myopia biomarkers. However, the influence of genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors on these metrics in Chinese preschool children remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these factors on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio in children aged 3–6 years in Beijing.MethodsIn this 3-month study, initiated in November 2021, children aged 3–6 years from nine kindergartens in Beijing were randomly selected for ocular biological parameter measurements. The height and weight of each child were measured, and their parents completed a questionnaire on parental myopia and environmental influences. The AL/CR ratio were calculated. One-way analysis of variance, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression models (with age, sex, height, weight, parental myopia, continuous near-work time, electronic products use, and outdoor activity time as variables) were used to compare the effects of different variables on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio.ResultsOverall, 1,353 participants (708 boys; mean age, 4.37 ± 0.82 years) were included in this study. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that parental myopia significantly increased the AL and AL/CR ratio (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Male participants had a longer AL, larger CR, and greater AL/CR ratio than female participants (all p < 0.001). A longer AL and larger CR were associated with greater height (both p < 0.001). The AL/CR ratio increased with age (p < 0.001). The CR was positively associated with the amount of time spent outdoors (p = 0.004).ConclusionOcular biological parameters are influenced by genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors. Among children aged 3–6 years in Beijing, monitoring growth and development, investigating parental myopia, and evaluating eye habits have certain guiding significance for delaying increases in the AL and AL/CR ratio. This study may provide some suggestions for the development of healthy eye habits.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1510124/fullocular biological parameterspreschool childrenparental myopiaeye habitsgrowth and development |
| spellingShingle | Xi Qin Yunyun Sun Yunyun Sun Shana Wang Xiaolan Xie Lei Gao Huijian Li Huijian Li Ruihua Wei Jing Fu Jing Fu Bidan Zhu Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study Frontiers in Medicine ocular biological parameters preschool children parental myopia eye habits growth and development |
| title | Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study |
| title_full | Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study |
| title_short | Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study |
| title_sort | risk factors for ocular biological parameters in chinese preschool children a cohort study from the beijing whole childhood eye study |
| topic | ocular biological parameters preschool children parental myopia eye habits growth and development |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1510124/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiqin riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT yunyunsun riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT yunyunsun riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT shanawang riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT xiaolanxie riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT leigao riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT huijianli riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT huijianli riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT ruihuawei riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT jingfu riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT jingfu riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy AT bidanzhu riskfactorsforocularbiologicalparametersinchinesepreschoolchildrenacohortstudyfromthebeijingwholechildhoodeyestudy |