The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are Candida auris, the Candida haemulonii complex (which includes C. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera), and phylogenetically related...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
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| author | Lívia S. Ramos Pedro F. Barbosa Carolline M.A. Lorentino Joice C. Lima Antonio L. Braga Raquel V. Lima Lucas Giovanini Ana Lúcia Casemiro Nahyara L.M. Siqueira Stefanie C. Costa Célia F. Rodrigues Maryam Roudbary Marta H. Branquinha André L.S. Santos |
| author_facet | Lívia S. Ramos Pedro F. Barbosa Carolline M.A. Lorentino Joice C. Lima Antonio L. Braga Raquel V. Lima Lucas Giovanini Ana Lúcia Casemiro Nahyara L.M. Siqueira Stefanie C. Costa Célia F. Rodrigues Maryam Roudbary Marta H. Branquinha André L.S. Santos |
| author_sort | Lívia S. Ramos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are Candida auris, the Candida haemulonii complex (which includes C. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera), and phylogenetically related species, including C. pseudohaemulonii and C. vulturna. These emerging, widespread, and opportunistic pathogens have drawn significant attention due to their reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, and, in some cases, therapy-induced resistance to echinocandins. Notably, C. auris is classified in the critical priority group on the World Health Organization's fungal priority pathogens list, which highlights fungal species capable of causing systemic infections with significant mortality and morbidity risks as well as the challenges posed by their MDR profiles, limited treatment and management options. The mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance within these emerging fungal species is still being explored, but some advances have been achieved in the past few years. In this review, we compile current literature on the distribution of susceptible and resistant clinical strains of C. auris, C. haemulonii complex, C. pseudohaemulonii and C. vulturna across various antifungal classes, including azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B), echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and pyrimidine analogues (flucytosine). We also outline the main antifungal resistance mechanisms identified in planktonic cells of these yeast species. Finally, we explore the impact of biofilm formation, a classical virulence attribute of fungi, on antifungal resistance, highlighting the resistance mechanisms associated with this complex microbial structure that have been uncovered to date. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f32cf03fff4a4d62bf2fe463a7fe650a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-5174 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-f32cf03fff4a4d62bf2fe463a7fe650a2025-02-07T04:48:23ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Microbial Sciences2666-51742025-01-018100354The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanismsLívia S. Ramos0Pedro F. Barbosa1Carolline M.A. Lorentino2Joice C. Lima3Antonio L. Braga4Raquel V. Lima5Lucas Giovanini6Ana Lúcia Casemiro7Nahyara L.M. Siqueira8Stefanie C. Costa9Célia F. Rodrigues10Maryam Roudbary11Marta H. Branquinha12André L.S. Santos13Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Resistência Bacteriana, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, BrasilLaboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, AustraliaLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Rede Micologia RJ, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Rede Micologia RJ, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Corresponding author.The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are Candida auris, the Candida haemulonii complex (which includes C. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera), and phylogenetically related species, including C. pseudohaemulonii and C. vulturna. These emerging, widespread, and opportunistic pathogens have drawn significant attention due to their reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, and, in some cases, therapy-induced resistance to echinocandins. Notably, C. auris is classified in the critical priority group on the World Health Organization's fungal priority pathogens list, which highlights fungal species capable of causing systemic infections with significant mortality and morbidity risks as well as the challenges posed by their MDR profiles, limited treatment and management options. The mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance within these emerging fungal species is still being explored, but some advances have been achieved in the past few years. In this review, we compile current literature on the distribution of susceptible and resistant clinical strains of C. auris, C. haemulonii complex, C. pseudohaemulonii and C. vulturna across various antifungal classes, including azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B), echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and pyrimidine analogues (flucytosine). We also outline the main antifungal resistance mechanisms identified in planktonic cells of these yeast species. Finally, we explore the impact of biofilm formation, a classical virulence attribute of fungi, on antifungal resistance, highlighting the resistance mechanisms associated with this complex microbial structure that have been uncovered to date.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000161Candida aurisCandida haemulonii complexCandida pseudohaemuloniiCandida vulturnaAntifungal resistanceBiofilm |
| spellingShingle | Lívia S. Ramos Pedro F. Barbosa Carolline M.A. Lorentino Joice C. Lima Antonio L. Braga Raquel V. Lima Lucas Giovanini Ana Lúcia Casemiro Nahyara L.M. Siqueira Stefanie C. Costa Célia F. Rodrigues Maryam Roudbary Marta H. Branquinha André L.S. Santos The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms Current Research in Microbial Sciences Candida auris Candida haemulonii complex Candida pseudohaemulonii Candida vulturna Antifungal resistance Biofilm |
| title | The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms |
| title_full | The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms |
| title_short | The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms |
| title_sort | multidrug resistant candida auris candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms |
| topic | Candida auris Candida haemulonii complex Candida pseudohaemulonii Candida vulturna Antifungal resistance Biofilm |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000161 |
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