Ammonia in Aquatic Systems

Management of ammonia, the primary waste product of fish, is critical to fish health, especially in intensive systems. At low concentrations, ammonia causes stress and damages gills and other tissues. Fish exposed to low levels of ammonia over time are more susceptible to bacterial infections, have...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ruth Francis-Floyd, Craig Watson, Denise Petty, Deborah Pouder
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries 2022-07-01
Series:EDIS
Online Access:https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119872
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Summary:Management of ammonia, the primary waste product of fish, is critical to fish health, especially in intensive systems. At low concentrations, ammonia causes stress and damages gills and other tissues. Fish exposed to low levels of ammonia over time are more susceptible to bacterial infections, have poor growth, and do not tolerate routine handling well. At higher concentrations, it will kill fish. Many unexplained production losses have likely been caused by ammonia.
ISSN:2576-0009