Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains
Abstract Varicellovirus equidalpha 1, formerly known as Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is highly prevalent and can lead to various problems, such as respiratory problems, abortion, neonatal foal death, and neurological disorders. The latter is known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Cas...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01434-3 |
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| author | Eslam Mohamed Ines Zarak Nick Vereecke Sebastiaan Theuns Kathlyn Laval Hans Nauwynck |
| author_facet | Eslam Mohamed Ines Zarak Nick Vereecke Sebastiaan Theuns Kathlyn Laval Hans Nauwynck |
| author_sort | Eslam Mohamed |
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| description | Abstract Varicellovirus equidalpha 1, formerly known as Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is highly prevalent and can lead to various problems, such as respiratory problems, abortion, neonatal foal death, and neurological disorders. The latter is known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Cases of EHM have significantly increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The genomic sequences of five isolates associated with the fatal neurological outbreak in Valencia, Spain, in 2021 were analyzed and documented. The genome and replication kinetics of the Belgian EHM isolate 21P40, associated with the Valencia outbreak, and the well-characterized abortigenic strain 97P70 were compared. Both strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 99.96%, with only seven genetic mutations in ORFs 13, 24, 30, 32, 40, 65, and 71. Isoleucine and asparagine at loci 291 and 207 of ORF30 (DNA polymerase) and ORF65 (ICP22), respectively, were unique to isolates from the Valencia outbreak. The replication kinetics of these two genetically closely related strains were determined in rabbit kidney (RK-13), equine respiratory, and vaginal mucosal explant cells, as well as equine blood monocytes (CD172a+). Both strains replicated equally well in RK-13 cells. The neuropathogenic isolate 21P40 exhibited a more extensive infection in respiratory explants and blood monocytes, as demonstrated by more plaques and single infected leukocytes, and a higher percentage of infected monocytes. In contrast, vaginal explants infected with the abortigenic strain 97P70 demonstrated more plaques and single infected leukocytes. In conclusion, 21P40 replicated significantly different compared to 97P70 but shared similarities with the Belgian well-studied neuropathogenic EHV-1 strain 03P37. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f6648e91b5404a6488e803a34c3f96652025-02-09T12:50:02ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162025-01-0156111110.1186/s13567-024-01434-3Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strainsEslam Mohamed0Ines Zarak1Nick Vereecke2Sebastiaan Theuns3Kathlyn Laval4Hans Nauwynck5Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityPathoSense BVDepartment of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityAbstract Varicellovirus equidalpha 1, formerly known as Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is highly prevalent and can lead to various problems, such as respiratory problems, abortion, neonatal foal death, and neurological disorders. The latter is known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Cases of EHM have significantly increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The genomic sequences of five isolates associated with the fatal neurological outbreak in Valencia, Spain, in 2021 were analyzed and documented. The genome and replication kinetics of the Belgian EHM isolate 21P40, associated with the Valencia outbreak, and the well-characterized abortigenic strain 97P70 were compared. Both strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 99.96%, with only seven genetic mutations in ORFs 13, 24, 30, 32, 40, 65, and 71. Isoleucine and asparagine at loci 291 and 207 of ORF30 (DNA polymerase) and ORF65 (ICP22), respectively, were unique to isolates from the Valencia outbreak. The replication kinetics of these two genetically closely related strains were determined in rabbit kidney (RK-13), equine respiratory, and vaginal mucosal explant cells, as well as equine blood monocytes (CD172a+). Both strains replicated equally well in RK-13 cells. The neuropathogenic isolate 21P40 exhibited a more extensive infection in respiratory explants and blood monocytes, as demonstrated by more plaques and single infected leukocytes, and a higher percentage of infected monocytes. In contrast, vaginal explants infected with the abortigenic strain 97P70 demonstrated more plaques and single infected leukocytes. In conclusion, 21P40 replicated significantly different compared to 97P70 but shared similarities with the Belgian well-studied neuropathogenic EHV-1 strain 03P37.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01434-3EHV-1EHMrespiratory mucosavaginal mucosamonocytesICP22 |
| spellingShingle | Eslam Mohamed Ines Zarak Nick Vereecke Sebastiaan Theuns Kathlyn Laval Hans Nauwynck Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains Veterinary Research EHV-1 EHM respiratory mucosa vaginal mucosa monocytes ICP22 |
| title | Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains |
| title_full | Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains |
| title_fullStr | Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains |
| title_short | Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains |
| title_sort | genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related ehv 1 neuropathogenic 21p40 and abortigenic 97p70 strains |
| topic | EHV-1 EHM respiratory mucosa vaginal mucosa monocytes ICP22 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01434-3 |
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