Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union
This study examines the relationship between different energy sources and CO2 emissions across European Union (EU) countries through a regression clustering panel data analysis. Using a dataset from 2011 to 2022, we identify distinct country clusters and analyse the impact of energy sources, includi...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Energy Nexus |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000087 |
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| author | Jana Chovancová Igor Petruška Ugur Korkut Pata Peter Adamišin |
| author_facet | Jana Chovancová Igor Petruška Ugur Korkut Pata Peter Adamišin |
| author_sort | Jana Chovancová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examines the relationship between different energy sources and CO2 emissions across European Union (EU) countries through a regression clustering panel data analysis. Using a dataset from 2011 to 2022, we identify distinct country clusters and analyse the impact of energy sources, including gas, coal, oil, wind, biofuels, solar, hydro and nuclear, on CO2 emissions within these clusters. The regression cluster analysis reveals significant differences in the impact of these energy sources on emissions across the EU. In particular, gas, coal and oil all have positive and significant coefficients, with coal having the largest impact on CO2 emissions across all clusters. Conversely, biofuel shows a consistently negative and significant effect, indicating its potential to reduce CO2 emissions. Wind shows mixed behaviour, with both positive and negative significance in certain clusters, highlighting the complexity of integrating wind energy into existing infrastructures. Coefficients of determination R2 for individual clusters ranges from 0.9818 to 0.9940, indicating the high reliability of the models. The variables Solar, Hydro and Nuclear show the least significant coefficients. These findings underscore the need for tailored energy policies that consider the specific conditions of each country cluster in order to achieve an effective transition away from fossil fuels and maximise the benefits of renewable energy sources. This study provides critical insights for policymakers aiming to meet climate change targets and underlines the urgent need for strategic energy and climate change policies aligned with the unique characteristics of each EU country cluster to facilitate a successful energy transition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fcec7b3ea25741308f63abf8310da63e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2772-4271 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy Nexus |
| spelling | doaj-art-fcec7b3ea25741308f63abf8310da63e2025-02-12T05:33:08ZengElsevierEnergy Nexus2772-42712025-03-0117100367Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European UnionJana Chovancová0Igor Petruška1Ugur Korkut Pata2Peter Adamišin3University of Prešov in Prešov, Faculty of Management and Business, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; Corresponding author.University of Prešov in Prešov, Faculty of Management and Business, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, SlovakiaHatay Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Economics, Hatay, Türkiye; Korea University, Department of Economics, College of Political Science and Economics, Seoul 02481, South Korea; Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Clinic of Economics, Baku, Azerbaijan; European University of Lefke, Advance Research Centre, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Türkiye; Western Caspian University, Economic Research Center (WCERC), Baku, AzerbaijanUniversity of Prešov in Prešov, Faculty of Management and Business, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, SlovakiaThis study examines the relationship between different energy sources and CO2 emissions across European Union (EU) countries through a regression clustering panel data analysis. Using a dataset from 2011 to 2022, we identify distinct country clusters and analyse the impact of energy sources, including gas, coal, oil, wind, biofuels, solar, hydro and nuclear, on CO2 emissions within these clusters. The regression cluster analysis reveals significant differences in the impact of these energy sources on emissions across the EU. In particular, gas, coal and oil all have positive and significant coefficients, with coal having the largest impact on CO2 emissions across all clusters. Conversely, biofuel shows a consistently negative and significant effect, indicating its potential to reduce CO2 emissions. Wind shows mixed behaviour, with both positive and negative significance in certain clusters, highlighting the complexity of integrating wind energy into existing infrastructures. Coefficients of determination R2 for individual clusters ranges from 0.9818 to 0.9940, indicating the high reliability of the models. The variables Solar, Hydro and Nuclear show the least significant coefficients. These findings underscore the need for tailored energy policies that consider the specific conditions of each country cluster in order to achieve an effective transition away from fossil fuels and maximise the benefits of renewable energy sources. This study provides critical insights for policymakers aiming to meet climate change targets and underlines the urgent need for strategic energy and climate change policies aligned with the unique characteristics of each EU country cluster to facilitate a successful energy transition.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000087CO2 emissionsPanel regression clustering modelEU taxonomyRenewable energyClimate policyEnergy transition |
| spellingShingle | Jana Chovancová Igor Petruška Ugur Korkut Pata Peter Adamišin Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union Energy Nexus CO2 emissions Panel regression clustering model EU taxonomy Renewable energy Climate policy Energy transition |
| title | Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union |
| title_full | Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union |
| title_fullStr | Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union |
| title_short | Diverse pathways to decarbonization: cluster-specific impacts of energy sources on CO2 emissions in the European Union |
| title_sort | diverse pathways to decarbonization cluster specific impacts of energy sources on co2 emissions in the european union |
| topic | CO2 emissions Panel regression clustering model EU taxonomy Renewable energy Climate policy Energy transition |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000087 |
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