The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing
The durability and service life of concrete structures is primarily dependent on the performance of cement-based material (CBM). This performance of CBMs is linked to their pH directly. Literature suggests that when supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used, the pH of CBMs decreases as a...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006206 |
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| author | Sumra Yousuf Muhammad Rizwan Belal Alsubari Mustabshirha Gul Muhammad Mahmood Ali Muhammad Nasir Bashir Abid Latif |
| author_facet | Sumra Yousuf Muhammad Rizwan Belal Alsubari Mustabshirha Gul Muhammad Mahmood Ali Muhammad Nasir Bashir Abid Latif |
| author_sort | Sumra Yousuf |
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| description | The durability and service life of concrete structures is primarily dependent on the performance of cement-based material (CBM). This performance of CBMs is linked to their pH directly. Literature suggests that when supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used, the pH of CBMs decreases as a result Ca(OH)₂ consumption during the Pozzolanic reaction (PR). With the construction industry increasingly adopting blended cements for their technical, economic, and environmental benefits, the use of high volumes of SCMs remains a subject of caution. This study investigates the pH behavior of cement mortars modified by replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with three SCMs (50 %): fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and treated palm oil fuel ash (TPFA), both at early and later stages of curing. The pH values were measured at different curing ages, and thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to support the findings. Results indicated that the pH of mortars containing FA or GGBS showed only a slight decrease after 5 months compared to their initial pH values, remaining above 11.5, which is considered within the safe range for concrete durability. In contrast, the pH of TPFA blended mortars decreased significantly, dropping by approximately 14 %, indicating that TPFA had a more substantial impact on the alkalinity of the mortars. These findings suggest that the pH of CBMs is influenced by factors other than just the Ca(OH)₂ (Hydrated lime) content, such as the chemical composition and reactivity of the SCMs used, and that high volumes of TPFA may negatively affect long-term durability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fda555bd0fb24a49b9da3397b222a049 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-fda555bd0fb24a49b9da3397b222a0492025-02-09T05:00:39ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-02-01113e42240The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curingSumra Yousuf0Muhammad Rizwan1Belal Alsubari2Mustabshirha Gul3Muhammad Mahmood Ali4Muhammad Nasir Bashir5Abid Latif6Department of Building and Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60000, Multan, PakistanMetallurgical Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, 74200, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Miami College of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60000, Multan, PakistanDepartment of Mechatronic Engineering, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Corresponding author.Multi-Scale Fluid Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60000, Multan, PakistanThe durability and service life of concrete structures is primarily dependent on the performance of cement-based material (CBM). This performance of CBMs is linked to their pH directly. Literature suggests that when supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used, the pH of CBMs decreases as a result Ca(OH)₂ consumption during the Pozzolanic reaction (PR). With the construction industry increasingly adopting blended cements for their technical, economic, and environmental benefits, the use of high volumes of SCMs remains a subject of caution. This study investigates the pH behavior of cement mortars modified by replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with three SCMs (50 %): fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and treated palm oil fuel ash (TPFA), both at early and later stages of curing. The pH values were measured at different curing ages, and thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to support the findings. Results indicated that the pH of mortars containing FA or GGBS showed only a slight decrease after 5 months compared to their initial pH values, remaining above 11.5, which is considered within the safe range for concrete durability. In contrast, the pH of TPFA blended mortars decreased significantly, dropping by approximately 14 %, indicating that TPFA had a more substantial impact on the alkalinity of the mortars. These findings suggest that the pH of CBMs is influenced by factors other than just the Ca(OH)₂ (Hydrated lime) content, such as the chemical composition and reactivity of the SCMs used, and that high volumes of TPFA may negatively affect long-term durability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006206pH valueSupplementary cementitious materialsMortarCuringCa(OH)₂ |
| spellingShingle | Sumra Yousuf Muhammad Rizwan Belal Alsubari Mustabshirha Gul Muhammad Mahmood Ali Muhammad Nasir Bashir Abid Latif The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing Heliyon pH value Supplementary cementitious materials Mortar Curing Ca(OH)₂ |
| title | The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing |
| title_full | The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing |
| title_fullStr | The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing |
| title_full_unstemmed | The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing |
| title_short | The compressive strength development and pH of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing |
| title_sort | compressive strength development and ph of cement mortars incorporating high volume supplementary cementitious materials under accelerated curing |
| topic | pH value Supplementary cementitious materials Mortar Curing Ca(OH)₂ |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006206 |
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