The impact of war on animal welfare: the Imperial Japanese Navy’s manipulation of pigeon behavior in WW II by Cheng Peng, Zi-qi Luo, Lin-hui Guo, Yi-fei Zhu

“…To enable pigeons to support communications aboard moving warships, the IJN exposed these land-dwelling birds to maritime environments, training them to endure challenging conditions such as inclement weather, extreme temperatures, long-distance sea flights, and night-time navigation. …”
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