Professional Baseball Player Type and Geographic Region of Origin Impacts Shoulder External and Internal Rotation Strength by Lori A. Michener, Adam J. Barrack, Bernard Y. Liebeskind, Ryan J. Zerega, Jonathan C. Sum, Ryan L. Crotin, Hillary A. Plummer

“…# Background Shoulder strength deficits are implicated in arm injuries and performance deficits in baseball players. # Purpose To characterize shoulder external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation strength in professional baseball players, and compare strength across player type (pitchers, position players) and geographic origin (North America, Latin America)…”
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