A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing
Abstract Background Skin ageing takes on many different forms. Despite this diversity in skin ageing phenotypes, literature published to date is limited in scope, as many research studies either focus on one single phenotype or just a few specific phenotypes. Presently, phenotypes such as wrinkles,...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Physiological Anthropology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-024-00383-2 |
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| author | Jun Yan Ng Qi Yi Ambrose Wong Jun Jie Lim Dingyu Cen Jia Yi Karen Wong Yi Ying Eliza Lim Yang Yie Sio Kavita Reginald Yee-How Say Fook Tim Chew |
| author_facet | Jun Yan Ng Qi Yi Ambrose Wong Jun Jie Lim Dingyu Cen Jia Yi Karen Wong Yi Ying Eliza Lim Yang Yie Sio Kavita Reginald Yee-How Say Fook Tim Chew |
| author_sort | Jun Yan Ng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Skin ageing takes on many different forms. Despite this diversity in skin ageing phenotypes, literature published to date is limited in scope, as many research studies either focus on one single phenotype or just a few specific phenotypes. Presently, phenotypes such as wrinkles, pigment spots, and photo-ageing are receiving most of the research attention. We therefore wonder whether the current discourse on skin ageing places a disproportionate amount of focus on a few selected phenotypes, leaving other skin ageing phenotypes underexplored. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we performed a broad assessment of forty-one signs of skin ageing and characterised the phenotypes that constituted key components of skin ageing. We also explored the interrelationship among forty-one skin ageing phenotypes using Spearman’s Correlation and Principal Component Analysis. Results We analysed our study population, which is composed of 3281 ethnic Chinese participants from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES). The first ten principal components cumulatively explain 46.88% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We discovered that the commonly discussed forms of skin ageing (i.e., wrinkles, pigmentation, and photo-ageing) only accounted for a small portion (24.39%) of the variance of all skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. Telangiectasia, a poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides (freckles), ptosis of eyelids (droopy eyelids), eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning were other key components of skin ageing, accounting for a further 22.49% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We found that each of these ten skin ageing phenotypes characterises a key and important aspect of skin ageing. In this broad assessment of skin ageing, we first described the prevalence of forty-one signs of skin ageing and then characterised in detail both the prevalence and severity distribution of ten key skin ageing phenotypes. Conclusions We presented clear evidence that skin ageing is much more than just wrinkles, pigmentation and photo-ageing. The addition of telangiectasia, poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides, ptosis of eyelids, eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning added more dimensions to skin ageing phenotype presentations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8228db1ab3b84fa2b5e7746f20ddb040 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Journal of Physiological Anthropology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8228db1ab3b84fa2b5e7746f20ddb0402025-02-09T12:59:25ZengBMCJournal of Physiological Anthropology1880-68052025-02-0144111710.1186/s40101-024-00383-2A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageingJun Yan Ng0Qi Yi Ambrose Wong1Jun Jie Lim2Dingyu Cen3Jia Yi Karen Wong4Yi Ying Eliza Lim5Yang Yie Sio6Kavita Reginald7Yee-How Say8Fook Tim Chew9Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeAbstract Background Skin ageing takes on many different forms. Despite this diversity in skin ageing phenotypes, literature published to date is limited in scope, as many research studies either focus on one single phenotype or just a few specific phenotypes. Presently, phenotypes such as wrinkles, pigment spots, and photo-ageing are receiving most of the research attention. We therefore wonder whether the current discourse on skin ageing places a disproportionate amount of focus on a few selected phenotypes, leaving other skin ageing phenotypes underexplored. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we performed a broad assessment of forty-one signs of skin ageing and characterised the phenotypes that constituted key components of skin ageing. We also explored the interrelationship among forty-one skin ageing phenotypes using Spearman’s Correlation and Principal Component Analysis. Results We analysed our study population, which is composed of 3281 ethnic Chinese participants from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES). The first ten principal components cumulatively explain 46.88% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We discovered that the commonly discussed forms of skin ageing (i.e., wrinkles, pigmentation, and photo-ageing) only accounted for a small portion (24.39%) of the variance of all skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. Telangiectasia, a poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides (freckles), ptosis of eyelids (droopy eyelids), eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning were other key components of skin ageing, accounting for a further 22.49% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We found that each of these ten skin ageing phenotypes characterises a key and important aspect of skin ageing. In this broad assessment of skin ageing, we first described the prevalence of forty-one signs of skin ageing and then characterised in detail both the prevalence and severity distribution of ten key skin ageing phenotypes. Conclusions We presented clear evidence that skin ageing is much more than just wrinkles, pigmentation and photo-ageing. The addition of telangiectasia, poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides, ptosis of eyelids, eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning added more dimensions to skin ageing phenotype presentations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-024-00383-2Skin agingSkin ageingBroad assessmentCross-sectional studyWrinklingSagging |
| spellingShingle | Jun Yan Ng Qi Yi Ambrose Wong Jun Jie Lim Dingyu Cen Jia Yi Karen Wong Yi Ying Eliza Lim Yang Yie Sio Kavita Reginald Yee-How Say Fook Tim Chew A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing Journal of Physiological Anthropology Skin aging Skin ageing Broad assessment Cross-sectional study Wrinkling Sagging |
| title | A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing |
| title_full | A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing |
| title_fullStr | A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing |
| title_short | A broad assessment of forty-one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing |
| title_sort | broad assessment of forty one skin phenotypes reveals complex dimensions of skin ageing |
| topic | Skin aging Skin ageing Broad assessment Cross-sectional study Wrinkling Sagging |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-024-00383-2 |
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