A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem
The presence of high-quality water is essential not only for human survival but also for the well-being of plants and animals. This research aimed to examine studies investigating the occurrence of antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, and other pharmaceutical products in water, sediments, and organism...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Open Exploration
2024-08-01
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| Series: | Exploration of Drug Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100858/100858.pdf |
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| author | Jaya Vinny Eapen Sweety Thomas Shelmi Antony Paul George Jayesh Antony |
| author_facet | Jaya Vinny Eapen Sweety Thomas Shelmi Antony Paul George Jayesh Antony |
| author_sort | Jaya Vinny Eapen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of high-quality water is essential not only for human survival but also for the well-being of plants and animals. This research aimed to examine studies investigating the occurrence of antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, and other pharmaceutical products in water, sediments, and organisms within aquatic ecosystems. These substances have been linked to numerous adverse health effects on both humans and aquatic life, including reproductive issues and neurotoxic effects. The pervasive utilization of antibiotics in medical and agricultural domains has precipitated their ascension as formidable environmental contaminants. Effluents discharged from pharmaceutical industries constitute significant contributors to aquatic ecosystems’ contamination with antibiotics. These pharmacological agents permeate diverse environmental niches, spanning groundwater, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment facilities, exhibiting concentrations ranging from nanograms to grams per liter. Concurrently, the indiscriminate and excessive application of antibiotics worldwide has engendered escalating apprehensions pertaining to antimicrobial resistance—a formidable global health exigency. This review also delves into the impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on aquatic environments, particularly as endocrine-disrupting compounds. Analysis of surface water in River Taff and River Ely reveals a consistent discharge of approximately 6 kilograms of pharmaceuticals per day. The study examines particular pharmaceuticals, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), chlorotriazines, chloroquine, and antineoplastic drugs, elucidating their varied effects on reproductive cycles. Pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, originating from sources like wastewater, agriculture, and improper disposal, persist and adversely affect organisms through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. These contaminants pose significant ecological and health risks, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9530d0f6d2b74d5cb1a204fe899e699e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2836-7677 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Drug Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-9530d0f6d2b74d5cb1a204fe899e699e2025-02-08T03:30:12ZengOpen ExplorationExploration of Drug Science2836-76772024-08-012548450710.37349/eds.2024.00058A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystemJaya Vinny Eapen0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-5550Sweety Thomas1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8199-0726Shelmi Antony2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5639-0533Paul George3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-3453Jayesh Antony4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-7034Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam 686666, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Mar Thoma college, Thiruvalla 689111, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Assumption College Autonomous, Changanassery 686101, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam 686666, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, St. Thomas College Autonomous Palai, Palai 686574, Kerala, IndiaThe presence of high-quality water is essential not only for human survival but also for the well-being of plants and animals. This research aimed to examine studies investigating the occurrence of antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, and other pharmaceutical products in water, sediments, and organisms within aquatic ecosystems. These substances have been linked to numerous adverse health effects on both humans and aquatic life, including reproductive issues and neurotoxic effects. The pervasive utilization of antibiotics in medical and agricultural domains has precipitated their ascension as formidable environmental contaminants. Effluents discharged from pharmaceutical industries constitute significant contributors to aquatic ecosystems’ contamination with antibiotics. These pharmacological agents permeate diverse environmental niches, spanning groundwater, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment facilities, exhibiting concentrations ranging from nanograms to grams per liter. Concurrently, the indiscriminate and excessive application of antibiotics worldwide has engendered escalating apprehensions pertaining to antimicrobial resistance—a formidable global health exigency. This review also delves into the impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on aquatic environments, particularly as endocrine-disrupting compounds. Analysis of surface water in River Taff and River Ely reveals a consistent discharge of approximately 6 kilograms of pharmaceuticals per day. The study examines particular pharmaceuticals, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), chlorotriazines, chloroquine, and antineoplastic drugs, elucidating their varied effects on reproductive cycles. Pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, originating from sources like wastewater, agriculture, and improper disposal, persist and adversely affect organisms through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. These contaminants pose significant ecological and health risks, necessitating effective mitigation strategies.https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100858/100858.pdfpharmaceutical contaminantsantibiotic resistanceendocrine disruptionneurotoxic drugstransient neurologic symptomsanesthetics |
| spellingShingle | Jaya Vinny Eapen Sweety Thomas Shelmi Antony Paul George Jayesh Antony A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem Exploration of Drug Science pharmaceutical contaminants antibiotic resistance endocrine disruption neurotoxic drugs transient neurologic symptoms anesthetics |
| title | A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem |
| title_full | A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem |
| title_fullStr | A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem |
| title_short | A review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem |
| title_sort | review of the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on humans and aquatic ecosystem |
| topic | pharmaceutical contaminants antibiotic resistance endocrine disruption neurotoxic drugs transient neurologic symptoms anesthetics |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100858/100858.pdf |
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