Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
# Background Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress. # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.24244 |
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| author | David T. Schilling Ashraf M. Elazzazi |
| author_facet | David T. Schilling Ashraf M. Elazzazi |
| author_sort | David T. Schilling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress.
# Purpose
The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players.
# Study Design
Observational cohort study.
# Methods
Participants included 50 DIII BB and 24 DIII SB players. Shoulder strength for the internal and external rotators were measured using a HHD and the CKCUEST was performed. The CKCUEST score and power were calculated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare throwing and non-throwing shoulder strength. Independent t-test was used to compare BB and SB players shoulder strength and the CKCUEST measures.
# Results
The BB players demonstrated significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders and the internal rotators were significantly stronger than the external rotators (p < 0.05), while the strength ratio of the internal and external rotators was not different between arms (p=0.87). The SB players demonstrated no significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders for the internal and external rotators or the strength ratio of the rotators (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the strength of the internal and external rotators of the non-throwing shoulder (p=0.075) or the throwing shoulder (p=0.096). The BB players throwing and non-throwing shoulders produced significantly more internal and external force than the SB players (p < 0.001), however, the internal/external rotators strength ratio were similar (p=0.32, p=0.30). The CKCUEST power had inverse and significant correlations (p=0.006, p=0.003) with SB players internal and external rotators, respectively. The CKCUEST power was significantly different between BB and SB players (p < 0.001).
# Conclusion
This study presented shoulder rotator strength and CKCUEST reference values for DIII BB and SB players. BB players demonstrated more strength but overall, less symmetry compared to SB players. CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes.
# Level of Evidence
Level III |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a856c2a7bacf4e9f9b2359040ba4f02c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-a856c2a7bacf4e9f9b2359040ba4f02c2025-02-11T20:29:35ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962021-06-01163Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.David T. SchillingAshraf M. Elazzazi# Background Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress. # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players. # Study Design Observational cohort study. # Methods Participants included 50 DIII BB and 24 DIII SB players. Shoulder strength for the internal and external rotators were measured using a HHD and the CKCUEST was performed. The CKCUEST score and power were calculated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare throwing and non-throwing shoulder strength. Independent t-test was used to compare BB and SB players shoulder strength and the CKCUEST measures. # Results The BB players demonstrated significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders and the internal rotators were significantly stronger than the external rotators (p < 0.05), while the strength ratio of the internal and external rotators was not different between arms (p=0.87). The SB players demonstrated no significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders for the internal and external rotators or the strength ratio of the rotators (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the strength of the internal and external rotators of the non-throwing shoulder (p=0.075) or the throwing shoulder (p=0.096). The BB players throwing and non-throwing shoulders produced significantly more internal and external force than the SB players (p < 0.001), however, the internal/external rotators strength ratio were similar (p=0.32, p=0.30). The CKCUEST power had inverse and significant correlations (p=0.006, p=0.003) with SB players internal and external rotators, respectively. The CKCUEST power was significantly different between BB and SB players (p < 0.001). # Conclusion This study presented shoulder rotator strength and CKCUEST reference values for DIII BB and SB players. BB players demonstrated more strength but overall, less symmetry compared to SB players. CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes. # Level of Evidence Level IIIhttps://doi.org/10.26603/001c.24244 |
| spellingShingle | David T. Schilling Ashraf M. Elazzazi Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. |
| title_full | Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. |
| title_fullStr | Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. |
| title_short | Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. |
| title_sort | shoulder strength and closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test performance in division iii collegiate baseball and softball players |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.24244 |
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