Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from kale juice enhance collagen production by downregulating Smad7 in human skin fibroblasts
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) are critical mediators of cross-kingdom communication, modulating gene expression in animal cells despite their plant origin. In this study, we investigated the effects of glucoraphanin-enriched kale (GEK)-derived ELNs (GELNs) on collagen production in...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1486572/full |
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