Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from kale juice enhance collagen production by downregulating Smad7 in human skin fibroblasts

Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) are critical mediators of cross-kingdom communication, modulating gene expression in animal cells despite their plant origin. In this study, we investigated the effects of glucoraphanin-enriched kale (GEK)-derived ELNs (GELNs) on collagen production in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peihan Hsu, Yuriko Kamijyo, Emiri Koike, Saki Ichikawa, Yifeng Zheng, Tomohiro Ohno, Shigeru Katayama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1486572/full
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