The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach
Abstract Essential oils (EO) are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as an alternative to reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in dairy cattle. While many studies have explored the beneficial properties of EO in vitro, their effects on milk quality and mil...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88168-0 |
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| author | Ralph Nehme Chiara Gini Elise Vanbergue Sergine Even Filippo Biscarini Sonia Andrés Lucie Rault Faustine Noel Valerie Hardit Said Bouhallab David M. Pereira Riadh Ksouri Philippe Roussel Secundino López Paola Cremonesi Bianca Castiglioni Donatella Caruso Fiorenza Faré Manuela Fontana Fabrizio Ceciliani Latifa Abdennebi-Najar |
| author_facet | Ralph Nehme Chiara Gini Elise Vanbergue Sergine Even Filippo Biscarini Sonia Andrés Lucie Rault Faustine Noel Valerie Hardit Said Bouhallab David M. Pereira Riadh Ksouri Philippe Roussel Secundino López Paola Cremonesi Bianca Castiglioni Donatella Caruso Fiorenza Faré Manuela Fontana Fabrizio Ceciliani Latifa Abdennebi-Najar |
| author_sort | Ralph Nehme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Essential oils (EO) are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as an alternative to reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in dairy cattle. While many studies have explored the beneficial properties of EO in vitro, their effects on milk quality and milk microbiota, when applied directly to the udder skin, remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TCEO), known for its high antibacterial and antioxidant properties, on milk microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, the lipidomic profile via liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, udder skin microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers of dairy cows at the end of lactation. Sixteen-quarters of 12 Holstein cows were selected, and TCEO was topically applied to the udder skin twice a day for 7 days. Milk was collected aseptically on days 0, 7, 21, and 28 before morning farm milking. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota composition after the EO treatment in alpha and beta diversity or taxonomical composition at the phylum and genus levels. TCEO induced limited changes in the milk lipidome, primarily affecting diacylglycerols at T21. The treatment did not affect inflammatory biomarkers, milk sensory properties, or quality. Our study is the first to demonstrate that a local application of 10% TCEO on cow’s quarters does not significantly alter milk quality or microbiota composition in milk and skin. More studies should be conducted to ensure the safe use of TCEO in dairy cows and explore its potential benefits on antibiotic-resistant bacteria as an alternative or support for antibiotic therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cecc241052ee4d998c6cc71379a62b74 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-cecc241052ee4d998c6cc71379a62b742025-02-09T12:32:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-88168-0The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approachRalph Nehme0Chiara Gini1Elise Vanbergue2Sergine Even3Filippo Biscarini4Sonia Andrés5Lucie Rault6Faustine Noel7Valerie Hardit8Said Bouhallab9David M. Pereira10Riadh Ksouri11Philippe Roussel12Secundino López13Paola Cremonesi14Bianca Castiglioni15Donatella Caruso16Fiorenza Faré17Manuela Fontana18Fabrizio Ceciliani19Latifa Abdennebi-Najar20Quality and Health Department, IDELE InstituteDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoQuality and Health Department, IDELE InstituteINRAE, Institut Agro, STLODepartment of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, IBBA-CNRInstituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de LeónINRAE, Institut Agro, STLOQuality and Health Department, IDELE InstituteQuality and Health Department, IDELE InstituteINRAE, Institut Agro, STLOREQUIMTE/LAQV Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of PortoLaboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-CédriaQuality and Health Department, IDELE InstituteDepartment of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, IBBA-CNRDepartment of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, IBBA-CNRDepartment of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, IBBA-CNRDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoUNITECH OMICs Platform, Università degli Studi di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoCentre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne UniversityAbstract Essential oils (EO) are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as an alternative to reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in dairy cattle. While many studies have explored the beneficial properties of EO in vitro, their effects on milk quality and milk microbiota, when applied directly to the udder skin, remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TCEO), known for its high antibacterial and antioxidant properties, on milk microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, the lipidomic profile via liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, udder skin microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers of dairy cows at the end of lactation. Sixteen-quarters of 12 Holstein cows were selected, and TCEO was topically applied to the udder skin twice a day for 7 days. Milk was collected aseptically on days 0, 7, 21, and 28 before morning farm milking. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota composition after the EO treatment in alpha and beta diversity or taxonomical composition at the phylum and genus levels. TCEO induced limited changes in the milk lipidome, primarily affecting diacylglycerols at T21. The treatment did not affect inflammatory biomarkers, milk sensory properties, or quality. Our study is the first to demonstrate that a local application of 10% TCEO on cow’s quarters does not significantly alter milk quality or microbiota composition in milk and skin. More studies should be conducted to ensure the safe use of TCEO in dairy cows and explore its potential benefits on antibiotic-resistant bacteria as an alternative or support for antibiotic therapy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88168-0Milk qualityEssential oilThymus capitatusMicrobiotaFood safety |
| spellingShingle | Ralph Nehme Chiara Gini Elise Vanbergue Sergine Even Filippo Biscarini Sonia Andrés Lucie Rault Faustine Noel Valerie Hardit Said Bouhallab David M. Pereira Riadh Ksouri Philippe Roussel Secundino López Paola Cremonesi Bianca Castiglioni Donatella Caruso Fiorenza Faré Manuela Fontana Fabrizio Ceciliani Latifa Abdennebi-Najar The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach Scientific Reports Milk quality Essential oil Thymus capitatus Microbiota Food safety |
| title | The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach |
| title_full | The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach |
| title_fullStr | The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach |
| title_short | The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach |
| title_sort | effects of thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality a systems biology approach |
| topic | Milk quality Essential oil Thymus capitatus Microbiota Food safety |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88168-0 |
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