Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Abstract It is unclear whether diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the role of malnutrition in heart failure (HF). We evaluated the effect of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on HF prognosis and DM’s role in this relationship. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 540 HF patie...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| author | Zhiyong Shi Mingkai Yun Haiyan Liu Sijin Li Xiaoli Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhiyong Shi Mingkai Yun Haiyan Liu Sijin Li Xiaoli Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhiyong Shi |
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| description | Abstract It is unclear whether diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the role of malnutrition in heart failure (HF). We evaluated the effect of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on HF prognosis and DM’s role in this relationship. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 540 HF patients with nutritional data grouped by DM status and GNRI score. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Eighty-four patients (15.6%) were classified as malnourished (GNRI ≤ 98). Over a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 102 patients died. The DM/low GNRI (L-GNRI) group had the highest risk of all-cause death (HRadj: 3.253, 95% CI 1.643–6.474, P < 0.001) and cardiac death (HRadj: 3.411, 95% CI 1.606–7.243, P < 0.001) compared to the non-DM/high GNRI group. The adverse impact of L-GNRI was more pronounced in DM than in non-DM patients (P interaction < 0.05). In the total population and DM subgroup, GNRI was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiac death after adjustment (all P < 0.05). In patients with DM, the GNRI classification significantly enhanced the predictive value of the model (all P < 0.05). A negative correlation between GNRI and HbA1c was observed only in patients with DM. Patients with HF with DM and malnutrition had the poorest prognosis. Poor glycemic control is related to increased malnutrition risk. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-dbe5711249794ce78c1083e132a4d8352025-02-09T12:30:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-88950-0Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fractionZhiyong Shi0Mingkai Yun1Haiyan Liu2Sijin Li3Xiaoli Zhang4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract It is unclear whether diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the role of malnutrition in heart failure (HF). We evaluated the effect of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on HF prognosis and DM’s role in this relationship. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 540 HF patients with nutritional data grouped by DM status and GNRI score. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Eighty-four patients (15.6%) were classified as malnourished (GNRI ≤ 98). Over a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 102 patients died. The DM/low GNRI (L-GNRI) group had the highest risk of all-cause death (HRadj: 3.253, 95% CI 1.643–6.474, P < 0.001) and cardiac death (HRadj: 3.411, 95% CI 1.606–7.243, P < 0.001) compared to the non-DM/high GNRI group. The adverse impact of L-GNRI was more pronounced in DM than in non-DM patients (P interaction < 0.05). In the total population and DM subgroup, GNRI was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiac death after adjustment (all P < 0.05). In patients with DM, the GNRI classification significantly enhanced the predictive value of the model (all P < 0.05). A negative correlation between GNRI and HbA1c was observed only in patients with DM. Patients with HF with DM and malnutrition had the poorest prognosis. Poor glycemic control is related to increased malnutrition risk.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88950-0Heart failureMalnutritionGeriatric nutritional risk indexDiabetes mellitusPrognosisGlycemic control |
| spellingShingle | Zhiyong Shi Mingkai Yun Haiyan Liu Sijin Li Xiaoli Zhang Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Scientific Reports Heart failure Malnutrition Geriatric nutritional risk index Diabetes mellitus Prognosis Glycemic control |
| title | Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| title_full | Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| title_fullStr | Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| title_short | Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| title_sort | impact of geriatric nutritional risk index and diabetes mellitus on prognosis in ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| topic | Heart failure Malnutrition Geriatric nutritional risk index Diabetes mellitus Prognosis Glycemic control |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88950-0 |
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